Erosion and Sedimentation Control
Erosion is a process of peeling
and removing particles of soil or rock as a result of the kinetic energy in the
form of water, snow, wind.
Sedimentation is the amount of
ground material such as silt content in the water by the flow of river water
that comes from the process of erosion in upstream areas, which is deposited in
an area downstream where deposition velocity grains of material suspensions
have been smaller than the speed of transport.
Environmental damage is direct or
indirect change in the physical and / or biological environment that exceeds
the standard criteria of environmental damage.
Erosion can be caused by:
- Wind.
- water.
Wind erosion
Areas that are
sensitive to wind erosion include sand beaches, semi-arid areas / dry (Nusa
Tenggara), or on land mines that opened very wide.
The main impact
of wind erosion, among others:
- A decrease in land productivity;
- Nuisance dust; and
- Precipitation of dust in a ditch, right side of the road, fences and buildings.
To control erosion in long-term
use annual plants and / or plant ground cover (cover crop).
Before the plant
serves action:
Using mulch to
cover the land;
Make the soil
resistant to erosion by letting the land remain lumpy, wet the surface of the
soil and make indentations ground; and Reducing wind speeds by creating a wind
breaker.
This wind breaker can be either a row of trees or shrubs are allowed to grow or planted perpendicular to the wind, trees or shrubs planted should be of the types of plants that grow fast and strong or can be to build a fence.
This wind breaker can be either a row of trees or shrubs are allowed to grow or planted perpendicular to the wind, trees or shrubs planted should be of the types of plants that grow fast and strong or can be to build a fence.
In wind breaker
placement and selection factors must be considered:
1.
Erosive wind direction.
2.
High and plant spacing.
3.
Permeability or breakouts wind (highest
40%).
4.
Continuity and long-breaker wind and
turbulence in the area to be reclaimed.
Water erosion
Factors that
cause erosion by water is rainfall, slope (topography), soil type, land use
(treatment of land) and cover crops.
Some ways to
control water erosion include:
1.
Minimize the area disturbed.
o
Create a detailed plan of the mining
land use and reclamation;
o
Make clear the limits of area stages of
development;
o
Limited tree felling area to be made use
of land mines;
o
Strict supervision of the implementation
of the felling of trees.
2.
Limiting / reducing the speed of water
runoff by:
o
Terracing;
o
Making the diversion channel / dodger
(channel parallel to contour lines);
o
Making the Sewers (SPA)
3.
Increasing infiltration (seepage)
o
Manufacture rorak / channel deadlocked
form of holes or channels clogged made between staple crops to hold water and
into the soil meresapkannya Penggaruan ground contour.
o
Penggaruan result, the soil becomes
loose and ground volume increased as media plant roots.
4.
Collect the sediment
o
To accommodate the sediments due to
erosion can be made dam or dam retaining control.
o
When the sediments has reached half of
the dam body and the dredged sediment should be used as topsoil.
5.
Minimizing erosion
o
To minimize erosion, especially during
the recently completed land arrangement can be made by planting a cover crop
(crop cover).
o
In the relatively flat land cover crop
planting can be done manually, while on land that has a bit of a steep slope
planting cover crop can be done by using hydroseeding.
6.
Management of water coming out of the
area of the use of land mines.
o
Channeling water from the mine site to
the public waters must comply with applicable regulations.
o
When heavy rainfall needs to be made
strong and permanent dam equipped dodger channel.
o
Location of a dam placed such that water
runoff is collected and diverted water channel and slope not too steep.
o
In making should be equipped with a
permanent dam spillway (spillways), the discharge pipe (let out), and others as
deemed necessary.
Practitioners Environmentalist
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